Análisis de la expresión de marcadores de neuroprotección presentes en exosomas secretados por astrocitos hiperglucémicos.

Abstract

Astrocytes are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Various studies have shown that exosomes are essential for intercellular communication due to the content of various biomolecules that they can transport. In a pathological state, exosomes could enhance or reduce the development of complications, depending on the pathophysiological context. Chronic levels of hyperglycemia at the CNS level alter the functionality of glial cells and therefore could affect the neuroprotective properties modulated by astrocytes. The objective of this work was to analyze the expression of neuroprotection markers in exosomes derived from astrocytes cultured under hyperglycemic conditions. In vitro studies were carried out in astrocytes of the C8-D1A cell line, exposed to concentrations of 5.5 Mm (normal) and 25 mM (high) glucose, for seven days. Subsequently, the exosomes were isolated from the conditioned medium and the changes in exosome secretion, in the profile of 23 neuroprotective or neuroinflammatory proteins, as well as changes in the expression of exosomal miR-29a were analyzed. The results indicate a decrease in exosome secretion in astrocytes cultured at high glucose concentrations. Higher expression of miR-29a is also observed in exosomes isolated under elevated glucose conditions. In addition, it was observed that there is a decrease in IGF-1 and IL-10, and an increase in the expression of MCP-1 and MCSF in exosomes isolated under high glucose conditions. Elevated glucose levels in astrocytes modify the secretion rate of exosomes, the expression profile of proteins, and miR29a, molecules related to neuroprotection processes.