Patrones de riqueza y diversidad de especies vegetales en un gradiente altitudinal en guerrero, México
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2018-01Author
Sánchez González, Arturo
Almazán Núñez, Roberto Carlos
Jiménez Hernández, Javier
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The study area includes from cañón del Zopilote to carrizal de Bravo, belonging to the Balsas river basin, Guerrero, México. This area is considered one of its most important centers of diversity and endemism of the genus Bursera, and other vascular plants, amphibians and reptiles. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of plant and patterns of richness and environmental variables related to these aspects along an altitudinal gradient. Seven transects were randomly established to sample the trees, shrubs and herbs (40 x 25 = 1,000 m2) in each type of vegetation. The total Richness in the altitudinal gradient was of 310 species in five types of vegetation (tropical deciduous forest, palmar, Quercus forest, Pinus forest and cloud forest). A U pattern was observed, where richness and diversity species total was higher at the ends altitudinal gradient and lower in the middle. The rate of species turnover (beta diversity) was of 100 % in tropical deciduous forest and cloud forest, located in the lower and upper altitudinal gradient respectively. The soil variables (sand content, phosphorus and cation exchange capacity) and altitude were the environmental variables more related with richness and species diversity on altitudinal gradient.
Abstract
El área de estudio abarca localidades del cañón del Zopilote y carrizal de Bravo, pertenecientes a la cuenca del río Balsas, Guerrero, México. Un área de alta diversidad de especies del género Bursera y rica en endemismos, principalmente de plantas vasculares, anfibios y reptiles. Con el objetivo de determinar los patrones de riqueza y diversidad de especies vegetales y las variables del medio relacionadas a lo largo un gradiente altitudinal, se establecieron al azar siete transectos de 40 x 25 m (1 000 m2) en cada tipo de vegetación a lo largo del gradiente de altitud (450 a 2 800 m) para el muestreo de especies arbóreas, arbustivas y herbáceas. La riqueza total en el gradiente altitudinal fue de 310 especies incluidas en cinco tipos de vegetación (bosque tropical caducifolio, palmar, bosque de Quercus, bosque de Pinus: y bosque mesófilo de montaña). Se observó un patrón de U, donde la riqueza y diversidad total de especies fue mayor en los extremos del gradiente altitudinal y menor en la parte intermedia. La tasa de reemplazo de especies (diversidad beta) fue de 100 % en bosque tropical caducifolio y bosque mesófilo de montaña, los cuales se ubican en el extremo inferior y superior del gradiente de altitud estudiado.
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